Smoke, Balm & Gold — Materials Index & Sources

M A T E R I A L S   I N D E X

Where each material appears, by entry. Only materials used in two or more formulas are listed — the cross-references that show how a handful of resins, woods and spices recur across four thousand years. Grouped by family; within each family, the most widely used materials come first.

RESINS, BALSAMS & GUMS ·
Myrrh — Kyphi; The Holy Anointing Oil; Ketoret; Frankincense & Myrrh; Mendesian; Susinum; Megaleion; The Greek Magical Papyri; Abramelin Oil; Agrippa’s Planetary Suffumigations; The Key of Solomon; Theriac
Benzoin — Frankincense & Myrrh; Xiangpu; The Key of Solomon; The Pomander; King’s Honey Water
Frankincense — Ketoret; Frankincense & Myrrh; The Greek Magical Papyri; Agrippa’s Planetary Suffumigations; The Key of Solomon
Storax / styrax — The Greek Magical Papyri; Agrippa’s Planetary Suffumigations; The Key of Solomon; The Pomander; King’s Honey Water
Mastic — Kyphi; The Greek Magical Papyri; Agrippa’s Planetary Suffumigations; The Key of Solomon
Copal — Copal; The Badianus Manuscript; Temazcal
Pine / fir pitch — Kyphi; Megaleion; Pine Pitch Salve

WOODS ·
Sandalwood — HaRambam; Rose Attar; Mitti Attar; Shamama; Kesar-Chandan; Xiangpu; The Bencao Gangmu; Neriko; Mukhallat; Agrippa’s Planetary Suffumigations; The Key of Solomon; King’s Honey Water; Mysore Sandal Soap
Agarwood / oud — Xiangpu; The Bencao Gangmu; Neriko; Kōdō; Oud & Bakhoor; Mukhallat; Agrippa’s Planetary Suffumigations; The Key of Solomon
Cedar / cedarwood — The Four Sacred Medicines; Vicks VapoRub

FLORALS ·
Rose — Rhodinon; Galen & the First Cold Cream; Avicenna (Ibn Sīnā) & the Rose Water Revolution; HaRambam; Rose Attar; Kesar-Chandan; Oud & Bakhoor; Mukhallat; The Rose Water Economy; Agrippa’s Planetary Suffumigations; The Pomander; English Lavender Water; King’s Honey Water; Florida Water; Aromatic Vinegar
Lavender — Hildegard of Bingen; Hungary Water; Eau d’Arquebusade; Eau de Cologne; 4711; English Lavender Water; King’s Honey Water; Florida Water; Aromatic Vinegar
Neroli / orange blossom — Hungary Water; Aqua Mirabilis; Eau de Cologne; 4711; Eau de Portugal; King’s Honey Water
Lily — Susinum; Shamama

CITRUS ·
Lemon — Hungary Water; Carmelite Water; Aqua Mirabilis; Eau de Cologne; 4711; Eau de Portugal; King’s Honey Water; Florida Water; Kananga Water; Aromatic Vinegar
Orange (sweet) — Hungary Water; The Pomander; Aqua Mirabilis; Eau de Cologne; 4711; Eau de Portugal; King’s Honey Water; Florida Water; Bay Rum
Bergamot — Aqua Mirabilis; Eau de Cologne; 4711; English Lavender Water; Eau de Portugal; King’s Honey Water; Florida Water
Petitgrain — Eau de Cologne; 4711

HERBS ·
Rosemary — Hungary Water; Four Thieves Vinegar; Eau d’Arquebusade; Temazcal; Aqua Mirabilis; Eau de Cologne; 4711; Eau de Portugal; Aromatic Vinegar
Mint (pepper/spear) — Hungary Water; Eau d’Arquebusade; Aromatic Vinegar; Vicks VapoRub; Tiger Balm; Olbas Oil
Sage — Hungary Water; Four Thieves Vinegar; Eau d’Arquebusade; The Four Sacred Medicines
Angelica — Carmelite Water; Four Thieves Vinegar; Eau d’Arquebusade
Wormwood — The Greek Magical Papyri; Four Thieves Vinegar; Eau d’Arquebusade
Marjoram — Hungary Water; Four Thieves Vinegar
Mugwort — Moxibustion; Temazcal
Thyme — Eau d’Arquebusade; Aromatic Vinegar

SPICES ·
Cinnamon — The Holy Anointing Oil; Ketoret; Mendesian; Susinum; Megaleion; Hildegard of Bingen; The Greek Magical Papyri; Abramelin Oil; Agrippa’s Planetary Suffumigations; The Key of Solomon; Carmelite Water; The Pomander; Theriac; Aqua Mirabilis; Florida Water; Bay Rum; Tiger Balm
Clove — Hildegard of Bingen; Shamama; Xiangpu; The Bencao Gangmu; Neriko; Agrippa’s Planetary Suffumigations; Carmelite Water; Four Thieves Vinegar; The Pomander; Aqua Mirabilis; King’s Honey Water; Florida Water; Kananga Water; Bay Rum; Aromatic Vinegar; Tiger Balm
Saffron — Ketoret; Susinum; HaRambam; Shamama; Kesar-Chandan; Mukhallat; The Greek Magical Papyri; Agrippa’s Planetary Suffumigations; Theriac; King’s Honey Water
Nutmeg — Hildegard of Bingen; Agrippa’s Planetary Suffumigations; Carmelite Water; Aqua Mirabilis; King’s Honey Water; Vicks VapoRub
Cardamom — Kyphi; Susinum; Shamama; Aqua Mirabilis
Cassia — The Holy Anointing Oil; Ketoret; Mendesian; Megaleion
Coriander — Carmelite Water; King’s Honey Water
Pepper — Agrippa’s Planetary Suffumigations; Xocolatl

ROOTS & RHIZOMES ·
Calamus / sweet flag — Kyphi; The Holy Anointing Oil; Susinum; Abramelin Oil; The Key of Solomon
Spikenard — Ketoret; Shamama; Neriko; Theriac
Orris (iris) — The Pomander; English Lavender Water; Florida Water
Galangal — Abramelin Oil; The Key of Solomon

ANIMAL & MARINE ·
Musk — Al-Kindi; HaRambam; Xiangpu; The Bencao Gangmu; Neriko; Oud & Bakhoor; Mukhallat; Agrippa’s Planetary Suffumigations; The Pomander; English Lavender Water; King’s Honey Water
Ambergris — Al-Kindi; HaRambam; Mukhallat; Agrippa’s Planetary Suffumigations; The Pomander; King’s Honey Water
Honey — Kyphi; Susinum; Xiangpu; Neriko; Theriac; King’s Honey Water
Beeswax — Galen & the First Cold Cream; Pine Pitch Salve

CAMPHORACEOUS & COOLING ·
Camphor — Al-Kindi; Xiangpu; The Bencao Gangmu; Neriko; Luk Pra Kob; Agrippa’s Planetary Suffumigations; Four Thieves Vinegar; Aromatic Vinegar; Vicks VapoRub; Tiger Balm
Juniper — Kyphi; Shamama; Eau d’Arquebusade; The Four Sacred Medicines; Olbas Oil
Eucalyptus — Temazcal; Vicks VapoRub; Olbas Oil
Menthol — Vicks VapoRub; Tiger Balm; Olbas Oil
Borneol — The Bencao Gangmu; Neriko
Cajuput — Tiger Balm; Olbas Oil
Wintergreen — Wintergreen & Willow; Olbas Oil

CARRIERS & BASES ·
Spirit / brandy / rum — Hungary Water; Carmelite Water; Eau d’Arquebusade; Aqua Mirabilis; Eau de Cologne; 4711; English Lavender Water; Eau de Portugal; King’s Honey Water; Kananga Water; Bay Rum
Olive oil — The Holy Anointing Oil; Rhodinon; Galen & the First Cold Cream; Abramelin Oil; The Key of Solomon
Balanos oil — Mendesian; Susinum; Megaleion
Petrolatum / paraffin — Vicks VapoRub; Tiger Balm
Vinegar — Four Thieves Vinegar; Aromatic Vinegar

OTHER AROMATICS ·
Vanilla — The Badianus Manuscript; Xocolatl; King’s Honey Water

NOTE · Index built from the ingredient, composition and plate lines of each entry — the materials a formula actually contains, not every material mentioned in passing. Processing aids (salt, water) and one-off materials are omitted. Chapter X’s accord skeletons and Chapter XI’s bar formulas are not indexed here; they carry their own material lists in place.

S O U R C E S  &  F U R T H E R   R E A D I N G

SCRIPTURE & RABBINICS · Exodus 30:22–38 (the anointing oil, verses 22–33; the ketoret spices, verses 34–38) · Genesis 37:25 · Jeremiah 8:22, 46:11 · 2 Chronicles 2:15 · Babylonian Talmud, Keritot 5a (anointing oil) and 6a (ketoret weights); Yoma 38a (the House of Avtinas) · Mishnah, Yoma 3:11 · Maimonides, Mishneh Torah, Hilchot Klei HaMikdash 1–2; Regimen of Health (1198); Treatise on Asthma; On the Causes of Symptoms.

CLASSICAL · Theophrastus, On Odours (Peri Osmōn) · Dioscorides, De Materia Medica I (esp. I.24 kyphi, I.43 rhodinon, the susinum and Mendesian entries) · Pliny the Elder, Natural History XII.30–32, XII.41, XII.54, XIII.2 · Plutarch, De Iside et Osiride ch. 80 · Galen, De Antidotis I–II and De Compositione Medicamentorum · Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae XV · the Hippocratic corpus.

EGYPT & THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST · The kyphi recipes carved in the “laboratory” chambers of the Temple of Horus at Edfu (twice) and at Philae, Ptolemaic era · Ebers Papyrus, c. 1550 BCE · the word kapet in the Pyramid Texts, c. 24th c. BCE · Papyrus Harris I · Hatshepsut’s Punt reliefs, Deir el-Bahari, c. 1470 BCE · the Ein Gedi synagogue mosaic inscription, 5th–6th c. CE · the Pylos Linear B “Fr” tablets (rose-scented oil, wo-do-we), c. 1200 BCE.

ISLAMIC GOLDEN AGE · Al-Kindi, Kitāb Kīmiyā’ al-‘Iṭr wa-l-Taṣ‘īdāt — critical edition and German translation by Karl Garbers (Leipzig, 1948) · Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna), The Canon of Medicine (1025), Book II · medieval Arabic and Persian trade records on the Shiraz and Kashan rose-water export.

EAST & SOUTH ASIA · Huangdi Neijing and the Mawangdui medical manuscripts · the Song xiangpu incense manuals of Hong Chu, Chen Jing and others · Li Shizhen, Bencao Gangmu (completed 1578, printed 1596) · Murasaki Shikibu, The Tale of Genji (c. 1008), the “Umegae” chapter · kōdō school literature and the Rikkoku system · Tōto Saijiki (1838) — the earliest written record of the yuzu solstice bath · the Wat Pho stone inscriptions, Bangkok, under Rama III, 1832 · Jahangir, Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri (1605–1624) — the itr-i-Jahangiri passage crediting Asmat Begum · Charaka and Sushruta Samhitas · Bear & Thomas on petrichor, Nature (1964).

MEDIEVAL & EARLY MODERN EUROPE · Hildegard of Bingen, Physica; Causae et Curae · Marie Meurdrac, La Chymie Charitable et Facile en Faveur des Dames (Paris, 1652) — a Hungary Water version · Codex Medicamentarius, seu Pharmacopoea Parisiensis (1748) — Acetum Prophylacticum, vulgo Des Quatre Voleurs, struck from the Codex in the 1884 revision · Johannes Hartlieb, Das Buch aller verbotenen Künste (1456) · Andrés Laguna’s commentary on Dioscorides (1555), reporting the 1554 ointment experiment · Giambattista della Porta, Magia Naturalis (Naples, 1558) · Agrippa, De Occulta Philosophia (Cologne, 1533), Book I chs. 43–44 · the Book of Abramelin: Mathers translation (London, 1897), Book II ch. 11, from the Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal MS; Dehn’s translation from the German manuscripts (2006); manuscript witnesses at Wolfenbüttel (c. 1608), Dresden and Oxford; first printed Cologne, 1725 · Mathers (ed.), The Key of Solomon the King (London, 1889) · Preisendanz (ed.), Papyri Graecae Magicae (Leipzig, 1928–1931); Betz (ed.), English translation (Chicago, 1986) · Culpeper, The Complete Herbal (1653) · Paracelsus, Seven Defensiones (Third Defense, 1538; published 1564).

THE AMERICAS · Martín de la Cruz & Juan Badiano, Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis (1552) — Vatican Codex Barberini Latin 241, returned to Mexico 1990 · Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex (compiled 1545–1590), Books X and XI · Codex Mendoza (c. 1541), tribute lists · copal offerings from the Sacred Cenote, Chichén Itzá · Moerman, Native American Ethnobotany (Timber Press, 1998) · Buchner’s isolation of salicin (Munich, 1828); Hoffmann’s acetylsalicylic acid (Bayer, 1897); Aspirin registered 1899 · American Indian Religious Freedom Act (1978); Indian Act ceremony prohibitions (Canada, repealed 1951).

HOUSES, LABELS & THE MODERN RECORD · Farina house archive, Cologne (founded 1709) and the Farina-Haus · 4711 / Mülhens house history; the French house-numbering of Cologne (1794); Napoleon’s decree of 1810 on the disclosure of medicinal formulas · Yardley of London and the Mitcham lavender industry · Murray & Lanman (Florida Water, 1808) · A. H. Riise pharmacy, St. Thomas (licensed 1838) · Karnataka Soaps & Detergents Ltd — Government Soap Factory, 1916; Mysore Sandal Soap GI registration · US DailyMed OTC monograph labels (Vicks VapoRub) · Israeli Ministry of Health registered labels (Tiger Balm Red & White) · Olbas label documentation · IFRA Standards; EU Cosmetics Regulation allergen annexes.

ON THE INGREDIENT PLATES · Every plate frame in this edition is a placeholder. Each caption states the material, its botanical name, and the part of the organism actually used, so that artwork can be commissioned or generated to match. Where a material’s identity is historically disputed — kaneh bosem, onycha, Mathers’ galangal — the caption says so rather than choosing a side.